Resumen
<p>La degeneración macular relacionada con la edad (AMD) es la principal causa de ceguera. Su desarrollo es poco conocido, pero concentraciones altas de especies reactivas de oxígeno pueden desencadenarla. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar si la acción antioxidante del suplemento dietético ginkgo biloba (EGb-761) retrasa el desarrollo de la AMD. Ensayo clínico hecho en México, con personas mayores de 55 años. Pacientes con AMD recibieron EGb-761: 50 mg/día (n = 26) o 100 mg/día (n = 22), durante 3 meses. Participó un grupo control de 22 personas sanas. Antes y después del tratamiento, se realizaron pruebas oculares funcionales y estructurales y se midió el estrés oxidativo (OS). Se encontraron cambios significativos (P < 0,05) entre el inicio y después del tratamientos con ambas dosis. Sensibilidad al contraste aumentó 16 % y 17 %, las matamorfopsias (integridad de la visión central) 100 % y 95 %; perimetría central (escotomas) disminuyó 93% y 88%; y la hiperpigmentación (autofluorescencia) disminuyó 88% y 89%, respectivamente. Para el OS, la concentración de malondialdehído disminuyó 7,6 % y 8,5 %, y los niveles de glutatión aumentaron 5,3 % y 7,1 %, respectivamente. El EGb-761 tuvo un efecto benéfico sobre AMD. Sugerimos administrar dosis bajas de Gb a adultos mayores con AMD temprana, para reducir o evitar efectos secundarios.</p>Referencias
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Palabras clave
degeneración macular relacionada con la edad
estrés oxidativo
especies reactivas de oxígeno
malondialdehído
EGB-761