##article.abstract##
Gene therapy is defined as procedures to transfer genetic material to specific organs, with the purpose of producing therapeutic effects that seek to correct defects or genetic diseases, either directly (<em>in vivo</em>) or indirectly (<em>ex vivo</em>), by using cells as a delivery vehicle. Eye diseases, mainly macular diseases, have a high genetic component. This has led to several studies suggesting alternative treatments such as gene therapy for their treatment. Studies have concluded that gene therapy is a novel and promising therapeutic strategy that could provide a more effective way to treat these diseases. The objective of this article is to present a review of the concepts of gene therapy, types of vectors, and gene therapy in retinal dystrophies.