Abstract
<strong>Introduction:</strong> Glaucoma is one of the main causes of legal blindness in the world, being the most prevalent retinal neurodegenerative disease. Standard treatments are limited to the reduction of intraocular pressure, which is why the search for new therapeutic alternatives is presented. Cannabinoids, in addition to reducing intraocular pressure, show neuroprotective activity against the series of hostile pathways that trigger lymph node apoptosis. <strong>Objective:</strong> To describe the application of the cannabinoid system in the pathophysiology of glaucoma. <strong>Methods:</strong> Access to the information was made through scientific databases such as Medline, Science direct, and Pubmed with a time interval from 1990 to 2018. To classify the quality of the information, a systematic matrix known as CEBM was used (Evidence-Based Medicine). <strong>Results:</strong> It was found that through CB1 cannabinoid receptors coupled to G proteins, it directly affects the stimulation of 1 and 2 receptors, thus decreasing the production and increasing the drainage of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork and the uveoscleral pathway. In addition to inhibiting N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors that induce the massive release of glutamate, the production of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase and endothelin 1. Conclusion: Cannabis treatment can be considered as a novel approach to controlling glaucoma, presenting good tolerance after topical application in clinical trials, in addition to controlling the harmful reactions of free radicals, stimulating neuronal microcirculation and regulating hypoxia retinalReferences
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Keywords
cannabis
neuroprotection
cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2)
glutamate
aqueous humor