Reference ranges for heterophoria and fusional reserves between 6 and 60 years of age

Abstract

<em><strong>Objective</strong><em> To describe the reference values for heterophoria measured with the prism cover test (PCT), negative (NFR) and positive (PFR) fusional reserves at 3 m and 0.4 m, and near point of convergence (NPC) in a Colombian population between 6 and 60 years of age. <em><strong>Materials and methods</strong><em> 632 people from Pereira, Colombia, were included in this study. A routine optometric examination was performed, including evaluation of heterophoria with PCT, NFR and PFR with prism bar, NPC with an accommodative target (AT) and a red filtered light (RF). <em><strong>Results</strong><em> Median values for fusional reserves at 3 m and 0.4 m (rupture/recovery) were: NFR: 10/6, 14/10 PFR: 20/16, 30/22 NPC: (AT) 7/10, (RF) 10/14 PCT: far 0, near –2. There was no significant change regarding ametropia and age (<em>p</em> > 0.05), except for PFR, mainly at 0.4 m. <em><strong>Conclusion</strong><em> The results were slightly higher than those reported by other authors, therefore it is recommended to use as a guide the data reported in the present study.