Abstract
The visual system has the function of visual perception, ie the analysis of form, movement and color of objects presented in the visual field. The processes that allow this analysis lies primarily in the visual cortex, and in particular in the primary visual cortex. But this perception is affected by pathologies or brain trauma that affect specific areas of perception, manifested as damage to the perception of different stimuli, to what is referred to visual agnosia. Every professional dedicated to the vision and the vision sciences must have a solid foundation on the fundamentals of visual perception, as well as various forms of visual agnosias. This article describes the structures involved in visual perception, beginning with the retina, the along the nerve pathways that carry visual information to the visual cortex in the brain, and reviews the literature on the most common disorders in cognitive visual impairment that affect patients, and thus find the strategies that can help diagnose and manage various visual agnosias.