Vol. 19 No. 1 (2021) , Artículos
Vol. 19 No. 1 (2021) | Artículos | Published 2021-07-23

Sociodemographic Aspects and Lifestyles Associated with Refractive Errors in Children in Bogota, Colombia

Jeimy Natali Gutiérrez Rodríguez
Universidad Antonio Nariño
Javier Andrés Rodríguez Hilarión
Universidad Antonio Nariño
Carlos Javier Avendaño Vásquez
Universidad Antonio Nariño

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the association of refractive errors in children aged 4 to 10 years with the factors related to them. This consisted of a cross-sectional descriptive study with quantitative approach, conducted in two sites of an educational institution, with probabilistic sampling and participation of 233 children in 2018. Refractive error (RE) was diagnosed under cycloplegia. To identify the nutritional status, weight and height were measured and interpreted. Sociodemographic data were obtained by survey, and healthy lifestyles were measured by a questionnaire on health risks in children and adolescents. The prevalence of hyperopia (Farsightedness), astigmatism, and myopia in children was 37 %, 21 %, and 2.2 %, respectively. No association of RE was shown with the sex of the population or with the socioeconomic conditions of the parents. Regarding age, there was a directly proportional association in children with astigmatism and myopia, and inversely proportional in hyperopic children. The higher frequency of children with acute malnutrition and hyperopia, and the higher intake of healthy breakfasts and dairy products per day in emmetropic children compared to hyperopic children are highlighted. As a conclusion, the prevalence of hyperopia was the highest and myopia the lowest in the group analyzed. This first group performs more physical activity than children with other RE. In addition, no statistical association was found between the variables of nutrition, sleep and rest with the RE.
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Keywords

Refractive errors
child
socioeconomic factors
nutritional status
sleep
rest