Determination of some motor and sensorial alterations after refractive surgery with laser: Lasik

Abstract

<em><strong>Objective:</strong></em> To establish the existence of motor and sensorial alterations after cornea refractive surgery with laser, lasik technique. Materials and <em><strong>Methods:</strong></em> a prospective study was carried out for a population sample of 49 patients (98 eyes) subjected to a refractive surgery and orthoptic evaluation in Optiláser and Ojos Laser Center in Bogotá. An inclusion criterion was have not previous visual training before the surgery. Motor and sensorial conditions, visual acuity, signs, symptoms and post-surgery refraction were evaluated. <em><strong>Results:</strong></em> 78% out of 49 patients (38/49) did not present any post-surgery signs, the remaining 22% (11/49) presented hyperemia as a frequent sign. 57% (28/49) was asymptomatic, 43% (21/49) showed symptoms such as visual acuity decrease, burning, dry eye, photophobia, and diplopia. Visual acuity evaluation for far vision was normal in 42,8% (21/49) for the right eye and 38,7% (19/49) for the left eye. The highest prevalence was low diminution with visual acuity between 20/25 and 20/40. In the 46,9% (23/49) for the right eye and 48,9% (24/49) for the left eye. In near vision 63,2% (31/49) and 59,1% (29/49) for right and left eyes respectively did not present any visual alteration, while a low visual acuity decrease was predominant in the right eye with 14,2% (7/49) and 22,4% (11/49) in the left eye, followed by moderated and strong visual acuity decrease. In the stereopsis, 55.1% (27/49) showed normal data and the 44,7% (22/49) showed moderate decrease as the most frequent alteration with 16,3% (8/49). The 6,12% (3/49) reported abnormal sensorial correspondence and the 93,8% (46/49) presented normal correspondence. The most frequent motor diagnoses was convergence insufficiency with 24,4% (12/49), followed by microtropia, basic exotropia, and partially accommodative esotropia, finding one case of each one (2%). Conclusions: laser refractive surgery with lasik technique is not an alteration factor in the motor sensory system; however, the most frequent motor anomaly post surgery is convergence insufficiency; in the sensorial level there were no changes, especially in stereopsis and sensorial correspondence.