Resumen
Según estudios adelantados en Latinoamérica, se prevé que la prevalencia de la miopía aumentará a cifras considerables. En ese contexto, algunas hipótesis describen la función de la vitamina D en el aumento de la longitud axial. El objetivo del presente estudio es conocer la influencia de factores asociados con el desarrollo y la progresión de la miopía, como el medio ambiente y la nutrición, con el déficit de vitamina D. Se realizó dicho trabajo incluyendo revisiones de tema, ensayos clínicos y estudios comparativos, en español o inglés, que hayan sido publicados entre los años 2005 y 2018. Esta revisión se llevó a cabo con ayuda de diferentes bases de datos. Así, diversas hipótesis describen una función de la vitamina D en el crecimiento del ojo, y una se centra en la vitamina D y su relación con la dopamina. En tanto, estudios epidemiológicos sugieren que mayor cantidad de tiempo al aire libre es un factor ambiental modificable y protector para los niños frente al desarrollo de la miopía. Se evidenció una relación entre el déficit de vitamina D y el crecimiento ocular, lo cual genera miopía, desde el punto de vista de la síntesis de la vitamina D, como los factores genéticos que alteran la longitud axial ocular.Referencias
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Palabras clave
factores ambientales en miopía
déficit de vitamina D
aumento de prevalencia de miopía