Eficacia del uso de anti-vegf en ojos con neovascularización corneal: una revisión de la literatura
Propósito: Identificar a través de una revisión de alcance de la literatura, la evidencia frente a la eficacia del tratamiento de los inhibidores del factor de crecimiento del endotelio vascular en la neovascularización corneal. Materiales y métodos: Se implementó una búsqueda de literatura en bases de datos de indexación médica: Medline (Pubmed), Web Of Science, Embase y Scielo de artículos tanto en inglés como en español, a través de los términos MesH y DeCs: “Corneal Neovascularization”, “Cornea”, “Ranibizumab”, “Lucentis” y “Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor” en los últimos diez años (2013 - 2023). Resultados: Se encontraron inicialmente 6,124 artículos que posterior a la revisión y selección de los mismos se obtuvo una muestra final de 37 artículos, de los cuales sólo 19 eran estudios clínicos o reportes de caso. Los estudios fueron realizados tanto en humanos como en animales, y se reportaron resultados que incluyen todos los tipos de inhibidores del factor de crecimiento del endotelio vascular (antiVEGF) disponibles en el mercado, aplicados en diferentes vías de administración y con algunas combinaciones de terapias. Las causas de neovascularización corneal fueron muy variadas. Conclusión: En ningún estudio se reportaron eventos adversos y en todos los estudios se documentó disminución en el porcentaje o área de neovascularización (NV) corneal sin importar la etiología o la vía de administración, siendo más efectivo por vía tópica y a mayores dosis. Los medicamentos más eficaces fueron el bevacizumab y el ranibizumab pero falta más evidencia con estudios clínicos experimentales en humanos.
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