Nutritional factors and their rol in the prevention of macular degeneration related to age

Abstract

The pillars of preventive medicine are a whole nutrition and to adopt positive habits. Today it is know that nutritional factors contribute to prevent chronic illnesses and ocular pathologies suc as DMRE and cataracts. This article compiles studies related to nutritional factors and macular degeneration due to age, to offer recommendations that may contribute to the life style of our patients. DMRE pathogenesis includes nutritional and environmental factors among others. Researches have focused to study the role of micronutrients in the DMRE development. Recently attention has been focused in researching carotenoides (luteina and Zeaxantina) in human retina and it is stated that they have a protective function in retinal tissues. It is also suggested that the of these in blood is potentially associated with visual function. Thus, the consumption of luteina and Zeaxantina is associated with a low risk of DMRE although it is not completely proved. The Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) is the only prospective clinical essay that has proved the benefits of nutrients in the risk reduction of suffering from DMRE. Although it is desirable the nutrient consumption in patients, smokers shouldrefrain from consumption supplements with beta carotenes because they increase lung cancer risk. Through evidence we can recommend patients with DMRE risk to have a balanced diet, low in fat and rich in fruits and green leaves vegetables, as well as the consumption of vitamin supplements according to the needs, wear UV protection glasses and a cap.